Introduction Academic achievement is typically treated as a single outcome, obscuring the differing demands of theoretical and practical coursework. We examined how health, sleep quality, fitness, energy drink consumption, and sport status relate to performance across course types. Methods Questionnaire data from 530 first-year kinesiology students (University of Zagreb, 2022/23–2024/25) were linked to official records of final grades in 11 courses. Ordinary least squares models with robust standard errors were estimated for overall GPA and six course-specific GPAs. Results Males scored 0.21 points lower than females, most markedly in theoretical courses. Better self-rated health and fitness predicted higher grades. Sleep quality was unrelated to overall GPA but positively associated with team-sport grades. Energy drink intake showed a U-shaped association; professional athletes underperformed in theoretical courses. Discussion Predictors of academic success operate differently across course types, supporting targeted academic support and health-promotion initiatives; the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.
AI-mediated digital learning environments have transformed how students communicate with knowledge, access learning resources, and receive algorithmically generated feedback, thereby reshaping how they perceive the pace of academic progress.This study examines perceived academic…
Background The assessment of sports performance in youth football requires culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound instruments. The Sports Performance Questionnaire (SPQ) was developed to evaluate performance-related characteristics in youth football players, but its cr…
Background Based on the Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions, this study aimed to examine the associations between academic emotions and self-efficacy among nursing undergraduates, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing nursing education interventions. Methods…
Background Generative artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in learning as a source of explanation, feedback, and interactive support. However, it remains unclear how such support shapes learners' cognitive processing and their subsequent willingness to continue learni…
Introduction The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into higher education has raised important questions regarding its influence on student learning outcomes. Drawing on Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) theory, this study examines how learning motivation (LM)…
Background Government performance evaluation serves as a critical measure of governmental work. Individuals play a pivotal role in evaluating government performance. Their perceptions and assessments of government performance hold significant guiding implications for optimizing a…