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Closing Hormuz Without Closing It: Operational Openness and Risk-Mediated Sovereignty

Xufeng Zhang

Debate about the Strait of Hormuz usually asks whether Iran can close it, how long a military blockade could last, and how far oil prices would rise. This framing treats closure as a visible physical event and openness as its simple absence. The 2026 disruption exposed the limits of that binary. Commercial passage can collapse even when a navigable channel remains and no actor maintains a complete naval barrier. Insurance may be withdrawn or repriced beyond commercial tolerance, satellite navigation and vessel identification may become unreliable, sanctions and port rules may make a lawful voyage unusable, and seafarers may be unable or unwilling to enter a warlike area. This viewpoint introduces the concept of operational openness, defined as the practical capacity to complete safe, lawful, insurable, informationally reliable, and adequately crewed transit. It also proposes \emph{risk-mediated sovereignty} to describe authority exercised by shaping the conditions under which others decide that passage is possible. At Hormuz, this authority is distributed across coastal states, naval forces, insurers, reinsurers, shipping firms, data providers, ports, regulators, and maritime labour institutions. The article argues that freedom of navigation must therefore be governed as an infrastructural achievement rather than treated only as a legal entitlement or military objective. A credible policy response should combine physical protection with insurance backstops, trusted maritime information, transparent access rules, and enforceable protection for seafarers. The central claim is simple: a strait can remain formally open while becoming operationally closed.

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openalexKnowledge Commons (Lakehead University)

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openalexKnowledge Commons (Lakehead University)2026-07-24

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openalexKnowledge Commons (Lakehead University)

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