arxivcs.CV2026-07-03
Cross-device Collaborative Test-time Adaptation with Zeroth-order Optimization and Model Merging
Yu Mitsuzumi, Akisato Kimura, Yasuhiro Fujiwara, Hisashi Kashima
Test-time adaptation (TTA) mitigates domain shifts by using incoming test data to update a model on the fly. The majority of TTA methods require resource-intensive backpropagation (BP) for model updates, particularly demanding large memory sizes, which makes it infeasible to depl…