crossrefBioengineering2025-11-07
Deep Learning for Predicting Late-Onset Breast Cancer Metastasis: The Single-Hyperparameter Grid Search (SHGS) Strategy for Meta-Tuning a Deep Feed-Forward Neural Network
Yijun Zhou, Om Arora-Jain, Xia Jiang
Background: While machine learning has advanced in medicine, its widespread use in clinical applications, especially in predicting breast cancer metastasis, is still limited. We have been dedicated to constructing a deep feed-forward neural network (DFNN) model to predict breast…