arxiveess.SYcs.SIphysics.soc-ph2026-07-03
Overload-Based Cascades in Multiplex Flow Networks with Partial Functionality
Cascading failures driven by load or flow redistribution arise in networked systems such as power grids, supply chains, and cloud computing centers. Most flow-network models assume that a node either functions or fails as a whole. In many real systems, however, a node supports se…