crossrefSustainability2025-12-24
Comparative Battery State of Charge (SoC) Estimation Using Shallow and Deep Machine Learning Models
Mohammed Almubarak, Md Ismail Hossain, Md Shafiullah
This paper evaluates neural-network approaches for lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SoC) estimation under a unified pipeline, fixed data partitions, and identical preprocessing. We study FNNs trained with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and Scaled Conj…