This paper explores the emerging symbiosis between LLMs and optical networks. Massive LLMs require geo-distributed training, which demands advanced optical transport capabilities that require new key technical enablers, as WAN-aware CCL algorithms, ZR+ pluggables, and Hollow Core…
We investigate selectively deploying bidirectional transmission in hybrid Hollow-Core Fiber (HCF) networks. Upgrading 50% of links to bidirectional HCF yields at least a 40% throughput increase compared to unidirectional SMF and captures 85% of the power consumption reduction of…