arxiveess.SY2026-07-07
Understanding Small-Signal Impedance Matrices in Different Reference Frames
This paper systematically analyzes the relationships among the $dq$-domain, $αβ$-domain, and sequence-domain representations used in small-signal impedance modeling of voltage-source converters (VSCs). It is shown that the AC impedance matrix expressed with $dq$-complex and $αβ$-…