arxivq-bio.QMcs.LG2026-07-04
Smooth $\%$MinMax: A Differentiable Relaxation for Codon Harmonization
Yoonho Jeong, Hyunwoo Choi, Ryan Fernandez Medina Hariri, Eok Kyun Lee, Seung Seo Lee, Insung S. Choi
Codon harmonization aims to adapt the coding sequences for heterologous expression while preserving the native-like patterns of frequent and rare codons that may influence local translation dynamics and co-translational protein folding. However, widely used harmonization metrics,…