openalexFrontiers in Education2026-07-24
Survival and withdrawal of international branch campuses: a systematic literature review from Business Model Canvas
Ayako Morohoshi, Takashi Sekiyama
The global expansion of international branch campuses (IBCs) has been accompanied by a high rate of institutional withdrawal and closure, yet systematic, management-oriented analyses that distinguish long-term sustainability from failure remain limited. This study aims to identif…