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arxivcs.CLcs.AI2026-07-20

Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Linguistic-Integrated Reliability Audit

Ummugul Bezirhan, Ji Yoon Jung, Matthias von Davier

Multilingual assessment systems commonly rely on translation for scoring and quality-control processes. We evaluate whether multilingual sentence embeddings can replace translated English input for Linguistic-Integrated Reliability Auditing (LiRA) across 11 PIRLS constructed-response items and three embedding models. Native-language embeddings reproduced translation-based reliability estimates closely while recovering responses excluded after translation failure, with no meaningful change in reliability.

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From Isolated Tasks to Structured Capabilities: A Multilayer Taxonomy for Large Language Models

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Large language model (LLM) evaluation spans diverse tasks and benchmarks, yet evidence remains organized around tasks rather than the capabilities they probe. This fragmentation limits cross-study comparison, obscures capabilities tasks recruit, and makes coverage gaps difficult…

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