Agricultural advisory systems face a fundamental tension: static agronomic guidelines offer consistent, evidence-based recommendations, yet remain blind to in-season variability and dynamic uncertainties. Recent advisory systems powered by LLMs are liable for a different risk of generating recommendations that are agronomically credible but physiologically unconvincing. Agri-SAGE is a closed-loop framework designed to resolve the above two limitations by integrating retrieval-grounded multi-agent LLM reasoning with APSIM-based biophysical simulation, to generate and validate agronomic advisories. To assess this framework, we evaluate three reasoning approaches, namely Plan-and-Solve, Tree of Thoughts, and Reflexion, over a 10-year retrospective analysis. All three significantly outperform static PoP (Package-of-Practice) baselines, with Tree of Thoughts achieving impressive peak yields. At the same time, Reflexion achieves comparable agronomic outcomes at substantially lower computational cost by leveraging cross-seasonal episodic memory.
In many social-science research tasks, such as economics, LLM-based agents must produce outputs for which no cheap, task-complete, machine-readable correctness signal exists. This creates a distinctive reliability problem for multi-agent systems: how should generation, critique,…
Modern neuroscience relies on integrating multi-scale, multimodal datasets to uncover the neural principles underlying intelligence. However, analytical challenges posed by highly heterogeneous data and fragmented workflows increasingly constrain discoveries. Here we introduce Se…
Agentic AI systems act through multi-step trajectories that combine planning, tool use, memory, interaction, and adaptation. This behavior stretches validation practice beyond component testing and one-shot input--output evaluation, because acceptable system behavior now depends…
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is reconstructing the digital virtual world, upgrading agents through enhancing their abilities in autonomous learning, multi-modal interaction, content generation, and collaborative decision-making. In particular, the shift from convers…
Coordinating autonomous vehicles at unsignalized intersections remains a critical challenge for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) systems, which typically struggle with combinatorial action spaces, reliance on privileged information, or rigid agent designs. We propose Mas…
Traditional approaches to wearable health signal analysis, such as smartwatches, are constrained by rigid analytical frameworks and limited personalisation. The emergence of LLM agents creates a new opportunity for Personal Health Agentic Analysis, where health insights can be ge…