Access Selection for Finite-SNR Modal Recoverability in Sampled-Wave Receivers
Large-aperture wave receivers can contain a large number of candidate sensor locations, antenna ports, or measurement blocks, while hardware and processing constraints allow only a subset to be activated. In this paper, receiver selection is formulated as a finite-SNR modal-recoverability problem, where the selected subset is required to support reliable recovery in every direction of a prescribed modal subspace. However, large trace, log-det, or codebook-distance values alone do not ensure that every prescribed modal direction is resolved. Specifically, the proposed framework consists of three nested recoverability criteria for individual modal degrees, a joint target subspace, and target modes in the presence of active non-target modes. The third criterion, the Schur-complement information floor, provides an exact worst-direction posterior-error interpretation. We further show that stricter recoverability criteria require at least as many active receiver accesses and derive tests that identify reliability targets that remain unattainable even when all available accesses are activated. Next, we specialize the framework to finite spherical-wave sampling and compare greedy receiver-selection rules. Numerical results demonstrate that global log-det is generally more access-efficient at moderate reliability floors, whereas Schur-based selection is more effective at stringent floors. While this paper is motivated by holographic and XL-MIMO receivers, the framework can be applied to general sampled wave systems.