Latent Action Models (LAMs) learn action-like proxies from observation transitions. However, in multi-object or distractor-rich scenes, these visual effects mix agent motion with distractors, camera dynamics, and background changes, making the underlying action source ambiguous without supervision. Structuring this mixture as reusable transition effects provides an intermediate representation from which action-like latents can be more robustly formed. We introduce Observed Transition Factorization (OTF), which decomposes each transition into a sparse set of observed transition primitives. Using these primitives as the transition interface, we propose OTF-LAM, which abstracts motion primitives into action-like latents within the standard inverse-forward dynamics framework, and OTF-LAM-Dino, a decoder-free variant that predicts future states in a frozen DINOv2 representation space. Empirically, OTF primitives transfer zeroshot across controlled carrier and morphology shifts, showing reusability. Furthermore, downstream policy learning results match or outperform baselines under complex transition ambiguity.
Graphical user interface (GUI) agents based on large language models are increasingly deployed across mobile, web, and desktop environments. However, existing agents are typically domain-specific, limiting the deployment and user experience. This motivates the consolidation of sp…
Agent security is widely treated as a question about action content. Defenses ask whether an instruction looks malicious. Benchmarks ask whether an agent performs a harmful sounding action. \textbf{We argue that agent security is fundamentally a contextual problem, and that the c…
Effective memory is crucial for LLM agents, yet constructing it effectively remains challenging. A memory-construction policy decides what information to extract, store, update, compress, or discard as interactions accumulate. Heuristic memory methods rely on subjective, task-spe…
Modern reasoning models depend on reasoning data, today sourced from human annotations or distilled from stronger LLMs. However, a rich and largely untapped source of supervision lies in expert systems (e.g., game engines, classical planners, theorem provers), which routinely pro…
In the field of Artificial Intelligence, an agent is a system which is able to autonomously make decisions in order to reach a desired goal. As these systems grow more prevalent in our day-to-day lives, there has been an increased need to add explainability features which can pro…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance in multimodal emotion recognition (MER) tasks and lifted MER to a new level that is complex emotion understanding with advanced video understanding abilities and natural language description. However, e…