This paper analyzes the stability and droop characteristics of Observer-Synchronized grid-forming control. First, a second-order nonlinear autonomous model is derived under the quasi-steady-state assumption. Based on the derived model, the equilibrium points and nonlinear stability properties are investigated using the qualitative theory of differential equations. Explicit parameter conditions are obtained to guarantee almost global asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium. Furthermore, an analytical expression of the nonlinear droop characteristic is derived to reveal the relationship between active power and frequency. The theoretical analysis is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations and experiments.
Transient stability control in smart grids requires rapid post-fault damping of generator frequency and rotor angle deviations to prevent cascading failures. This paper proposes FedPPO-PG, a Federated Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization framework with Physics-Grounded neighb…
This work presents an examination of the main interactions between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) voltage source converters (VSCs) and synchronous generators (SGs), capturing the dynamics of a real power grid and pointing out the limitations of considering an ideal o…
Large-scale power networks are often organized by geography, ownership, or control authority, making stability certificates that require a fully assembled global model challenging. This paper develops a time-domain small-signal stability certification framework for grid-forming i…
As power systems transition toward inverter-based resource (IBR)-dominated grids, traditional system strength definitions and metrics are becoming increasingly inadequate to characterize upcoming stability challenges. Emerging definitions characterize system strength in terms of…
As hyperscale and colocation AI data centers continue to expand, the electric grid is increasingly required to support large, concentrated loads, with individual facilities ranging from 500 MW to 2 GW. Current projections estimate that approximately 50 GW of AI data center capaci…
Subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) have occurred at the sending-end of Zhangbei grid-forming MTDC power system (SE-GFPS). This paper gives an alert for the wide application of grid-forming (GFM) control by presenting a detailed report on such SSOs and the practical GFM configurat…