The high-yield optical wireless network (OWN) is a promising framework to strengthen 5G and 6G mobility. In addition, high direction and narrow bandwidth-based laser beams are enormously noteworthy for high data transmission over standard optical fibers. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is evaluated using the machine learning (ML) technique, aiming to purify the optical beam and enable OWN to support high-speed, multi-user data transmission. The ML technique is applied on a designed VCSEL array to optimize paths for DC injection, AC signal modulation, and multiple-user transmission. The mathematical model of VCSEL narrow beam, OWN, and energy loss through nonlinear interference in an optical wireless network is studied. In addition, the mathematical model is then affirmed with a simulation model following the bit error rate (BER), the laser power, the current, and the fiber-length performance matrices. The results estimations declare that the presented methodology offers a narrow beam of VCSEL, mitigating nonlinear interference in OWN and increasing energy efficiency.
In recent years, metal nanomaterials and nanoproducts have been developed intensively, and they are now widely applied across various sectors, including energy, aerospace, agriculture, industry, and biomedicine. However, nanomaterials have been identified as potentially toxic, wi…
In advanced manufacturing processes, precise deposition behavior prediction is crucial for process parameter optimization. In order to forecast significant deposition responses such as bead width (w), bead height (h), energy input (EI), and volumetric input (VI) based on process…
Machine learning (ML) is a broad term encompassing several methods that allow us to learn from data. These methods may permit large real-world databases to be more rapidly translated to applications to inform patient–provider decision-making. This paper presents a review of artic…
Soft sensors are attracting much attention from researchers worldwide due to their versatility in practical projects. There are already many applications of soft sensors in aspects of life, consisting of human-robot interfaces, flexible electronics, medical monitoring, and health…
Nowadays, additive manufacturing (AM) is advanced to deliver high-value end-use products rather than individual components. This evolution necessitates integrating multiple manufacturing processes to implement multi-material processing, much more complex structures, and the reali…
The decreasing-width, increasing-aspect-ratio RDL presents significant challenges to the design for reliability (DFR) of an advanced package. Therefore, this paper proposes an ML-based RDL modeling and simulation method. In the method, RDL was divided into blocks and subdivided i…